The Persian Empire was established by tribes that migrated into present-day Iran from Central Europe. Their language is in the Indo-European family and it bears no resemblance to Arabic except for some borrowed words. The Arab conquest of the 7<sup>th</sup> century introduced Islam, but the Persian identity, language and culture remained intact after the Arabs were driven out three centuries later.
"Iran" means land of the Aryans. The name always has been used by its inhabitants to describe the country, a multiethnic state populated mainly by Caucasian tribes, of which the Persians are the plurality group. The name Persia stuck for so long because the ancient Persian empire was founded in the Pars Province by King Cyrus the Great, author of the earliest known declaration of human rights (see illustration below). Reza Shah formally changed the name to Iran in the 1930s so that it would reflect a multiethnic pan-national society.
<img alt="" src="http://www.payvand.com/news/05/jan/cyrus-cylinder.jpg" />