But Nude, you ingored my point!
When I was in MBA school (over a decade ago now, yikes!) we used to do a ton of Harvard Business school cases. I remember this one very vividly because Kenhar was a vendor of mine at the time.
<a href="http://www.primisonline.com/cgi-bin/POL_CaseLink.cgi?dispOrdNum=1872708&dispTitle=Waddock: Leading Corporate Citizens: Vision, Values, Value Added, Third Edition">Link for Cite</a>
Case ? Kenhar Products, Inc.
<blockquote>Kenneth F. Harling, Alan DeRoo Kenhar Products, Inc., a Canadian company selling most of its output in the United States, is a world leader in the manufacture of steel fork arms. Kenhar?s major U.S. competitor, Dyson and Sons, has asked the U.S. International Trade Commission to impose a temporary tariff of 35 percent on imported forks. Bill Harrison, Kenhar president, must decide how to respond.
Source: North American Case Research Association, Case Research Journal, Winter 1993, Volume 13, Issue 1. Copyright 1993.
Courses: Business and Society; Business Policy/Strategy; International Business; Operations Management</blockquote>
You have to pay for the HBS cases, so I'll give you the cliffs notes:
Dyson and Kenhar were competitors that were 20 miles away from each other, but it might as well been a million because one was in Canada and the other was in the US. Kenhar (the Canadian company) had a 35% cost advantage specifically because of the favorable exchange rate. Thier labor forces were about equal (hell, they were the same!) and input costs were the same. Kenhar's comparative advantage was strictly being on the right side of the currency trade.
This was 1993. By 1996 Dyson was broke and Kenhar was the only supplier for the whole industry.
The Chinese currency is roughly 45% undervalued vs the US$ (way worse than in the Kenhar case), and that acts as a "shadow subsidy" to everyone in China exporting here, and a "shadow tax" to everyone importing to China, PLUS the tacit import duties that may exist. And that's the big lie in all the "free trade" arguments. Exchange rates are not a durable competitive advantage, but they certainly are a comparable advantage that can crush companies and industries for no good reason. And everybody in China has a 45% head start on everybody in the US ? for no good reason.