[quote author="stepping_up" date=1255004360][quote author="no_vaseline" date=1253271483][quote author="centralcoastobserver" date=1253262893]
No_Vas.... why can't you irrigate grapes in Europe???</blockquote>
It's against the rules.
<a href="http://www.chateau-masburel.com/grapes.shtml">http://www.chateau-masburel.com/grapes.shtml</a>
<blockquote><em>Irrigation is not allowed under French appellation rules and the vines are further stressed by increased density of planting.</em> </blockquote>
That stuff in Paso gets 7 to 10 tons an acre of production. <strong>The stuff in France gets ? a ton to a ton.</strong>
<blockquote>Don't they irrigate any crops?</blockquote>
I'd assume so, but wine grapes are a no go.
<blockquote>From commentary up here in this "wine country".... rain late in the growing season is bad, as it increases the risk of mold on the grapes, and, as I understood it, lowers the sugar content, because the grapes "plump up" with water and dilute the sugar content. Wouldn't irrigation work the same way?</blockquote>
No. Late season rains add moisture to the fruit and cause mold problems you noted (earlier in the season you can apply fungicide, starts to be problematic right before harvest) but it shouldn't hurt the inside of the fruit. Rain usually means cooler temperatures and that hurts the plants ability to build sugars in the fruit. Really it just complicates the harvest.
All modern vineyards are drip irrigated and thus avoid the mildew problems you have when using either flood irrigation or sprinklers. Plus, you use less water and you have the added ability of chemigation (if you need to add fertilizer or something, you can get it in right now by adding it to the water).
Also, there's some timing to the irrigation. You just don't throw water at them all the time.
<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080519134750.htm">Folks have done their PHD's on the topic, but heres a primer article on irrigating wine grapes.</a>
<blockquote>And I thought alcohol content was limited because anything much above 13% killed off the yeast involved.</blockquote>
You're out of my pay scale. I know something about viticulture, but after it leaves the vineyard, I really don't understand it. I was a grape grower, not a winemaker.
<blockquote>I'm going to have to look for that Argentine wine. I'm not much of a red drinker, but I like whites. </blockquote>
I love reds and I don?t ever drink them anymore.</blockquote>
Actually, a number of the paso vineyards do NOT irrigate, especially the ones on the west side that have the calciferous soil. Instead, they let the roots of the vines go search for water, sometimes up to 60 feet down to find it. This allows the roots to pick up the minerals from below, which in the end up in the grape. Terroire is what the French purists call it, but many other vineyards also seek to get the grapes to represent nature below around and above them. And production varies tremendously in Paso vineyards and the 1/2 ton in France... Burgundy with it's rules yes, but there are many domaines in France that surpass 1/2 ton per acre.</blockquote>
I think you misread what I wrote. There are roughly 200 domaines in France. None of them are new and none of them (to my knowledge) are irrigated. Frankly, it wouldn't help that much because it's so cold there compared to California. On the UC Davis climate scale of 1-5 (relating to temperature) I think Burgundy is a -1.
<a href="http://www.calwineries.com/learn/grape-growing/climate/heat-summation-scale">Primer on UC Davis heat scale.</a>
You can have high degree days and still make quality grapes if you irrigate. As a benefit, you get much increased production. Nothing grows in your freezer because it's cold. Guys who farm almonds north of the delta get 1800 pounds of nuts per acre. Near Kettleman City/Coalinga the production is closer to 4500 pounds. The big producers get less rainfall in the winter and more heat during the summer and make up for it with irrigation and have roughly 250% more production for their trouble.
Cold summer temperatures in most of France (southern Rhone excepted) partially negate the benefits of irrigation.
<blockquote>The stuff in France gets ? a ton to a ton.</blockquote>
There are a few dry farmed vineyards in Paso, but not very many.
The dry farmed stuff in Paso is part art and part there isn't a ready source of (cheap) water on the West side. Drilling wells is not cheap, and running pumps is not cheap. Making money in wine grape production requires making maximum tonnage with acceptable sugar levels and minimal inputs and that requires irrigation. If water is too expensive, you do what you have to do and go the other way. Plus, it gives you something to talk about on the label.
Please be aware that when I?m speaking of irrigation, I?m not talking about maximizing quality. I?m talking about making a profit out of a vineyard operation in California. There is good reason why we do what we do and the French do what they do.
Readers who have gotten this far in this thread might find these sites interesting:
<a href="http://www.pasowine.com/about-us/membership.php">http://www.pasowine.com/about-us/membership.php</a>
<a href="http://noblerot-iggpra.blogspot.com/">http://noblerot-iggpra.blogspot.com/ - Blog for Paso Area Wine Grape Growers</a>
<a href="http://pasoroblesgrapeconnection.com/">http://pasoroblesgrapeconnection.com/ - ton of stuff here, all grower centric</a>