<p>Taking your theoretical $1000, let's compare the flow of each of your scenarios.</p>
<p>Assuming you are just saving it, paying $1000 less in taxes means you are free to put it into a high interest savings account or a CD. That $1000 is combined with several other deposits and lent to Joe to open his bakery. You get a small amount of interest paid on your deposit, Joe gets a steady income and provides a couple of jobs in the community, which increases taxes going into the coffers. The bank makes a small percentage off the interest differential and pays it's shareholders, it's employees, it's taxes, and reinvests the remaining profit with many other small businesses and homeowners. </p>
<p>Getting a tax credit because you have a kid means you can afford a new set of school clothes, or maybe a laptop computer for homework, or maybe you invest it in a college fund, where it again goes to help Joe start up his bakery. You are directly helping the economy, your kid, and possibly Joe. You child gets a better job in the future, the retailers are able to pay their employees and their investors, who in turn pay taxes.</p>
<p>A company, in which you have invested via 401(k) or other vehicle, now has money for them to use as operating capital which allows them to hire and train workers, who in turn make a product that is sold or used by someone who needs that product. That company pays out a dividend to it's stock holders at regular intervals, it pays it's workers who in turn pay taxes and support local businesses who's workers pay taxes. In turning raw materials into a product that company meets a societal need that the government has decided is beneficial and subsequently encourages with a tax credit to spur more production or to increase it's profitablity which allows it to attract more investment. This produces more jobs, which provide more taxes.</p>
<p>Giving someone a $1000 in foodstamps allows them to eat, and hopefully this allows them to spend any other income on housing and utilities while they wait to hear from Joe about that job in his new bakery. Supermarkets turn them into the government to get reimbursed with tax dollars so they can pay their suppliers and employees, who in turn pay taxes, but the profit margin and amount of foodstamp business is tiny in comparison with what they make from a fully employed person and no store could depend on it for it's sole revenue.</p>
<p>Giving a targeted section of the population $1000 is a desperate attempt to replicate the irresponsible consumer spending of the last 5 years. And it will have a small effect on the overall economy, but mostly I suspect it will be used to pay off the purchases made with credit that previously stimulated the economy. If this proves to be the case, it will be less than a zero sum game.</p>
<p>So there you go, HBB. What $1000 can do is largely dependent on who is using it but it is rarely a zero sum game. If you only consider your personal perspective, it's easy to say that $1000 is better off going to AFDC payments. But that same $1000 will do far more for a far longer period of time in private hands than it can in public hands. It generates more revenue, more jobs, and for a much longer time than when doled out in an amount too small to actually make a change in one person's life in a permanent way. I'm NOT saying that we shouldn't find a way to help people. But $1000 just not capable of providing the kind of growth via welfare that it can in other uses. </p>