Close. The government decided it needed the production 50 years ago so it funded the IDs and the project, ammortized the loans over 50 years, and made them principal only. At the time, there wasn't enough production nationwide. I had an ag economics class in the late 1980's where we had calculated advances in ag production allowed the planet to produce double what it's offtake of calories in a regular year. Given the changes in diets over the past 20 years, I'm not sure we're even positive now (we eat more calories per human on the rock now than anytime in the history of man).
So Cal municipalities will be the ultimate benificiaries of the water projects as they will continue to buy farmland, lay it fallow, and transfer the water here.
Most of the stuff they grow in California isn't subject to subsidies the way everything in Kansas and Ohio and Nebraska is. If you farm grapes, or tomatoes, or lettice, or tree fruit, there is no program for you. If you farm corn (non silage) or wheat or soybeans or peanuts you get help. Nobody in California farms those because you have to irrigate them here (in the midwest everyone dryland farms) and the water is too expensive relative to the crops yeald. It is very difficult to get them to be cash flow neutral. Some growers do it for rotation with the justification they get it back somewhere in the production end of another crop, but I think they are fooling themselves. If you can't make a profit on it you shouldn't give yourself the exposure for a loss on a (at best) break even deal.
The capital exposure of a typical grower is staggering. Spending a million dollars a year on production expenses on a million dollars of assets nets about $45,000 if you're farming rowcrops and doing everything right. And you're a little lucky. If you're playing the home game, 2.25% ROI doesn't beat treasuries.
Farmers have it good today for the first time since Nixon was in the White House, but it's not because of farm subsidies or cheap water or anything else but the Fed cutting interest rates and destroying the dollar (making US ag exports competitive on a global marketplace) and an increase of the consumption of meats by a billion or so Chinese moving toward the middle class (meats are fed with grains).
I'm all for free trade but when it comes to ag trade issues, the world is anything but free and fair. In the immortal words of James Carville "If you're explaining, you're losing" but it's a fairly complex deal that evades thirty second soundbites to explain it.
The era of cheap -
* money
* replacment labor
* energy
* calories
is now over. It lasted thirty years. It's a new era.