Let's start with some broad regional dishes.
North-Eastern Chinese food
North-Eastern region of China is geographically defined as the 3 northern provinces in NE China. However, in culinary terms it can include the 4 provinces north of Beijing: Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, & Heilongjiang.
Although the Northern Chinese were probably the first to harvest wild rice, the local conditions were not optimal to growing multiple harvest during the year. Wheat and other grains like millet were the preferred crop. Thus, the stereotype Northern Chinese Food is usually noodles, steamed buns, dumplings, and such. Northerners tend to be physically taller, less lactose intolerant, less financially savvy (poor-er compared to the South), and the food tend to be less refined. However, since the Imperial Court was in Beijing, you'd find exceptionally refined dishes from few urban cities.
Because it gets really cold in the northern areas, the people tend to pickle vegetables from summer harvest. Chinese Napa cabbage is pickled like sauerkraut, and put in hot pots, dumplings, and other dishes.
?? (suan cai / pickled napa)
Unlike the hot pots today, the ingredients were fairly limited in ye olde days. Usually it's just pickled veggies with sliced fatty pork. Sometimes sliced lamb is used:
?????? (pickled napa and sliced pork hot pot)
Corn is an important corp in the north, and cornmeal is mixed in the dough to make steamed breads. It's possible that various ancient varieties of maize may have existed in China before the 15th century, but records show that widespread cultivation did not occur until after the 1500's, when corn, tomatoes, South American chili peppers, potatoes, and sweet potatoes were introduced from the Americas.
???? (corn mantou / steamed corn buns)
Sachima (???)
This is a sweets dish of Manchurian origin, made with flour, butter, and sugar. There are many variations across China and Taiwan. The Tartar ??k??k (???-???/chak-chak) is very similar to this dish (http://randomness.dreamwidth.org/233790.html):
??? Guo Bao Rou - think of it as sweet and sour pork
???? (North Eastern chop suey stew) -- in olde days this is what you do with kitchen leftovers, toss them into a pot. These days they're made with fresh ingredients and served at restaurants.
????? Pork with clear noodles stew
You might have noticed that a lot of dishes are stews, hot pots, and steamed. This is due to the cold climate. To illustrate:
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFqCGjgxu_Y&feature=related[/youtube]
????? Chicken and mushroom stew
Chinese dumplings have been recorded since the Three Kingdoms period (~1,800 years ago). We're pretty sure that it remained similar in shape because the records called it "moon shaped wontons", and it still looks like a half moon today, though due to our prosperity today it's more like an overweight half moon shaped dumpling. In the Three Kingdoms period (220 AD) they were called moon-shaped "wontons" (??), and by Southern Song Dynasty period (1127 AD) the common name had been changed to Jiaozi (??), possibly after "Jiao" (?) for horn-shape.
Dumplings is a wide spread dish and you basically put whatever ingredients you have on hand into it. The Manchus were known to put pickled veggies and game meats into their dumplings. Today dumplings with pickled napa is seen as a northern variety of the dish, versus the south have much more refined varieties seen in dim sum carts today.
?????? Pickled napa and pork dumplings:
Here's a few places to look at more NE Chinese dishes:
http://www.meishij.net/china-food/caixi/dongbeicai/http://www.meishij.net/chufang/diy/sijiacai/166316.htmlhttp://www.haochi123.com/s_caipu/C_Caixi/List_114.htm