<p>In CA, if someone dies intestate, which means without having a will, I belive probate is legally required for all probate assets. CA has laws regarding intestate succession and at a minimum a summary probate or set-aside proceeding would be required without a will. Summary probates are much quicker, less costly, etc.</p>
<p>Give your buddy this link:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.nolo.com/product.cfm/objectID/5296CE23-8FE5-4884-AE9185E0751B9BD7/309/">http://www.nolo.com/product.cfm/objectID/5296CE23-8FE5-4884-AE9185E0751B9BD7/309/</a></p>
<p>Nolo has great resources for people that have to go through such things. In my 20's, I had to take my mother's estate through probate, and I didn't have a clue either. Probate attorney fees are mandated by statute in CA, so the fees are fixed based on the size of the probate estate. The probate estate is typically all assets not held in joint tenancy or that don't have a beneficiary of some sort. Normally things like life insurance, 401k, IRAs, etc. have beneficiaries and aren't considered part of the probate estate.</p>
<p>I disagree with bitserv. Stocks and bonds held in a regular brokerage account do not typically have a beneficiary. They may be held in joint tenancy and the surviving tenant takes owership of the assets on the others deaths. Stocks and bonds in an IRA, 401k, etc. do typically have a beneficiary. Some cash accounts, CDs, money markets, etc. are POD, but most are not. POD means "payable on death" and essentially is the naming of a beneficiary.</p>
<p>All estates with probate assets over $100K in CA should probably go through the probate process. It's not particularly expensive and for small estates, it's actually pretty quick.</p>