Loan info for dummies

NEW -> Contingent Buyer Assistance Program

cletus_IHB

New member
I've got some basic questions on loans, if i pull up the loan on a property:



When someone gets a negative amortization loan, is there a standard for how this works... how long of a period do they pay the balance over? How often do they recompute the value of the house?



For an interest only loan, whats the standard interest only period... is it 5 or 10 years?



Is there a way to tell on a loan record if a loan is a standard ARM or an option ARM?



What's the standard terms for a HELOC... do you have it payment free for a while (as long as you stay under the cap), and then payments start in 10 years, amortized over 10 years?
 
[quote author="C Delroy Spuckler" date=1247476875]I've got some basic questions on loans, if i pull up the loan on a property:



When someone gets a negative amortization loan, is there a standard for how this works... how long of a period do they pay the balance over? How often do they recompute the value of the house?



For an interest only loan, whats the standard interest only period... is it 5 or 10 years?



Is there a way to tell on a loan record if a loan is a standard ARM or an option ARM?



What's the standard terms for a HELOC... do you have it payment free for a while (as long as you stay under the cap), and then payments start in 10 years, amortized over 10 years?</blockquote>
The standard repayment for both Neg Amort (Option ARM) loans is 30 years. They do not recommute the value of the home per se, they have a trigger that once the loan balance reaches 110-120% LTV (based upon the purchase price of the home) the payment increase is automatically triggered. I'm not all that informed on how they work, Graph is your on the topic.



As for Interest only loans, they also are paid back over 30 years and the interest only period varies from 3 to 10 years. The interest only period is over 10 years and the balance of the loan amortizes over 20 years (if you have a 5 year I/O loan then years 6-10 are also I/O but the interest rate is variable at that point - typically adjusts every year based upon 1-year LIBOR or 1-CMT). The access that I have to the property loan details do not tell me what kind of loan it is or what the loan balance is.
 
All you could ever want to know about option ARMs can be found in <a href="http://www.irvinehousingblog.com/blog/comments/mortgage-magma-the-coming-eruption-of-option-arms/">this blog post I did</a>. Also, what inspired that post was my rant on the forums, <a href="http://www.irvinehousingblog.com/forums/viewthread/855/">a more technical description of them</a>.



And two corrections on the info Trojanman posted: 1. Option ARMs did have a 40 amortization available. 2. The max LTV is 110%-115% for recasts for most of the banks. There might be more, but the one exception I know for sure is World Savings-Wachovia-Wells Fargo, those loans could go to 125% LTV.
 
[quote author="usctrojanman29" date=1247477463][quote author="C Delroy Spuckler" date=1247476875]I've got some basic questions on loans, if i pull up the loan on a property:



When someone gets a negative amortization loan, is there a standard for how this works... how long of a period do they pay the balance over? How often do they recompute the value of the house?



For an interest only loan, whats the standard interest only period... is it 5 or 10 years?



Is there a way to tell on a loan record if a loan is a standard ARM or an option ARM?



What's the standard terms for a HELOC... do you have it payment free for a while (as long as you stay under the cap), and then payments start in 10 years, amortized over 10 years?</blockquote>
The standard repayment for both Neg Amort (Option ARM) loans is 30 years. They do not recommute the value of the home per se, they have a trigger that once the loan balance reaches 110-120% LTV (based upon the purchase price of the home) the payment increase is automatically triggered. I'm not all that informed on how they work, Graph is your on the topic.



As for Interest only loans, they also are paid back over 30 years and the interest only period varies from 3 to 10 years. The interest only period is over 10 years and the balance of the loan amortizes over 20 years (if you have a 5 year I/O loan then years 6-10 are also I/O but the interest rate is variable at that point - typically adjusts every year based upon 1-year LIBOR or 1-CMT). The access that I have to the property loan details do not tell me what kind of loan it is or what the loan balance is.</blockquote>




When it lists negative amortization does that mean option ARM?



I assumed negative amortization meant the loan typically given to a retired person with home equity, where they don't want to sell their home, but would like to use the equity they've accumulated to live (aka a reversemortage). AKA, I've got $1mil in equity, so instead of me making payments each year the bank pays me and takes it out of my home equity (adding interest on top) until at some point they either own the home or the home is liquidated and the loan is repaid...
 
^^ The words in my post above that are blue are links. If you click them, you then be taken to the pages that will answer your questions.
 
[quote author="graphrix" date=1247483932]All you could ever want to know about option ARMs can be found in <a href="http://www.irvinehousingblog.com/blog/comments/mortgage-magma-the-coming-eruption-of-option-arms/">this blog post I did</a>. Also, what inspired that post was my rant on the forums, <a href="http://www.irvinehousingblog.com/forums/viewthread/855/">a more technical description of them</a>.



And two corrections on the info Trojanman posted: 1. Option ARMs did have a 40 amortization available. 2. The max LTV is 110%-115% for recasts for most of the banks. There might be more, but the one exception I know for sure is World Savings-Wachovia-Wells Fargo, those loans could go to 125% LTV.</blockquote>
40 year amort for Option ARMS, huh? I know very little about them since I never even considered getting one or knew anyone who got one. Plus you worked in the industry, so you better know all about them. :P
 
[quote author="C Delroy Spuckler" date=1247486118][quote author="usctrojanman29" date=1247477463][quote author="C Delroy Spuckler" date=1247476875]I've got some basic questions on loans, if i pull up the loan on a property:



When someone gets a negative amortization loan, is there a standard for how this works... how long of a period do they pay the balance over? How often do they recompute the value of the house?



For an interest only loan, whats the standard interest only period... is it 5 or 10 years?



Is there a way to tell on a loan record if a loan is a standard ARM or an option ARM?



What's the standard terms for a HELOC... do you have it payment free for a while (as long as you stay under the cap), and then payments start in 10 years, amortized over 10 years?</blockquote>
The standard repayment for both Neg Amort (Option ARM) loans is 30 years. They do not recommute the value of the home per se, they have a trigger that once the loan balance reaches 110-120% LTV (based upon the purchase price of the home) the payment increase is automatically triggered. I'm not all that informed on how they work, Graph is your on the topic.



As for Interest only loans, they also are paid back over 30 years and the interest only period varies from 3 to 10 years. The interest only period is over 10 years and the balance of the loan amortizes over 20 years (if you have a 5 year I/O loan then years 6-10 are also I/O but the interest rate is variable at that point - typically adjusts every year based upon 1-year LIBOR or 1-CMT). The access that I have to the property loan details do not tell me what kind of loan it is or what the loan balance is.</blockquote>




When it lists negative amortization does that mean option ARM?

<strong>

I assumed negative amortization meant the loan typically given to a retired person with home equity</strong>, where they don't want to sell their home, but would like to use the equity they've accumulated to live (aka a reversemortage). AKA, I've got $1mil in equity, so instead of me making payments each year the bank pays me and takes it out of my home equity (adding interest on top) until at some point they either own the home or the home is liquidated and the loan is repaid...</blockquote>
That's a reserve mortgage...again, not something I know a lot about.
 
[quote author="C Delroy Spuckler" date=1247476875]I've got some basic questions on loans, if i pull up the loan on a property:



When someone gets a negative amortization loan, is there a standard for how this works... how long of a period do they pay the balance over? How often do they recompute the value of the house?



For an interest only loan, whats the standard interest only period... is it 5 or 10 years?



Is there a way to tell on a loan record if a loan is a standard ARM or an option ARM?



<strong>What's the standard terms for a HELOC... do you have it payment free for a while (as long as you stay under the cap), and then payments start in 10 years, amortized over 10 years?</strong></blockquote>
I've seen two kinds of HELOC terms that I know of...a 5 year draw period (where you can take money out, repay, and take them out again) with a 20 year repayment period and a 10 year draw period with a 15 year repayment period (this one is more common). So the total term is 25 years.
 
[quote author="usctrojanman29" date=1247487132]40 year amort for Option ARMS, huh? I know very little about them since I never even considered getting one or knew anyone who got one. Plus you worked in the industry, so you better know all about them. :P</blockquote>


Hey, you answered the question well. I just cleaned up a few minor details. The 40 year amort added to the start rate, and the margin. Rarely would it make much of a difference, and it is why I never did a 40 year. But, some people took it because it saved them $30 a month on their minimum payment. What is funny is the bump in the margin makes the recast come sooner... I wonder how many now wish they could have paid $30 a month for the last three years and the next two years, then have their payment more than triple today?



I'm actually sad that these loans are gone. They were created in a high interest rate environment, and when rates do come down you pay less on your average interest rate than someone who got a 30 year fixed near the lower average. It's too bad... lab monkeys on meth were allowed to sell these loans to people who do not even know what amortization means... and the coked up Wall Streeters had to be greedy to buy these loans up like they understood convexity... to ruin it all for people who understand this loan and know how to use it to your advantage. You know... the minimum payment doesn't always neg am, it might even force you to pay principal.
 
[quote author="graphrix" date=1247490239]I'm actually sad that these loans are gone. They were created in a high interest rate environment, and when rates do come down you pay less on your average interest rate than someone who got a 30 year fixed near the lower average. It's too bad... lab monkeys on meth were allowed to sell these loans to people who do not even know what amortization means... and the coked up Wall Streeters had to be greedy to buy these loans up like they understood convexity... to ruin it all for people who understand this loan and know how to use it to your advantage. You know... the minimum payment doesn't always neg am, it might even force you to pay principal.</blockquote>


Welcome to our world of 10 second media based knowledge.



Go look back at Enron... the lesson learned from Enron was "stock options are bad"... Enron killed stock options for the rank and file employee (where, I would argue, options were an amazing tool to motivate employees and make them work towards the company's success). Now with AIG we're learning that bonuses are bad... so you can see what will happen, they will take out the bonuses and go towards larger base salaries.



In the first case it wasn't that options were bad... there was just outright fraud going on at Enron, and you also had employees who were motivated by a short term buck. So maybe some vehicle like a warrant based on 5 year shareholder return or something might be more appropriate than an option... instead now companies give out restricted stock, where the downside is much smaller, and the upside potential is also much less. Of course this is just for the rank and file... the Ken Lay types of this world were not affected because they still got the comp packages similar to what they had before... it was the rank and file guys at places like Microsoft, Cisco and Apple who suffered.



Now with the bonuses, they'll go to a salary. While this provides more transparency in compensation (something I'm a big fan of), I'm gonna guess those salaries will be based on "take your bonus and salary on your best year, and that's your salary"... aka they are now getting paid as if every year is a heyday. When things get better, their comp will go up more, and when things get worse, their comp will stay the same at worst. What a great life. People miss the point that bonuses can be a great motivating tool, but when you have bonuses not tied to proper goals, that's where the problem lies.



Finally, the other evil child we are all learning is derivatives. I had a chat the other day with someone telling me how they should just get rid of the whole commodities market. I explained to them that when used as they were intended, derivatives are actually an extremely conservative investment... even more conservative than buying stock in GE, Microsoft, or such... that the original goal of derivatives was to minimize risk... so that a farmer could make his money off of growing crops, independent (to some degree) to the price of the underlying crop they are growing... and likewise a company like Southwest could make their money flying people, and not off the spread in gas prices.



I'd say the same thing goes with the standard ARM (not even option ARM). People are seeing them in general as toxic as well... my first loan on my home was an ARM, and it worked out beautifully. Interest rates had climbed above historic norms, and I had a good downpayment on my house and bought a home I could afford the payments on. When rates dropped a few years later, I refi'd to a 15 year fixed at a rate below the teaser rate on my ARM (before the ARM could reset). I guess this is evil though...



But ya, ARMs are evil but at the same time Fannie Mae needs to allow 125% LTV loans to help people refinance and have < 10% downpayment on new purchases, backed by my tax money. Ya... go figure.



Delroy
 
[quote author="C Delroy Spuckler" date=1247538668]Finally, the other evil child we are all learning is derivatives. I had a chat the other day with someone telling me how they should just get rid of the whole commodities market. </blockquote>


I talked about this in my book. CDOs are getting villianized when they were not responsible for the housing bubble. Any structured finance vehicle is merely a tool. A knife can be a useful tool, or it can be a deadly instrument; it depends on how it is used. The knife itself is not evil.



<blockquote>I'd say the same thing goes with the standard ARM (not even option ARM). People are seeing them in general as toxic as well... my first loan on my home was an ARM, and it worked out beautifully. Interest rates had climbed above historic norms, and I had a good downpayment on my house and bought a home I could afford the payments on. When rates dropped a few years later, I refi'd to a 15 year fixed at a rate below the teaser rate on my ARM (before the ARM could reset). I guess this is evil though...</blockquote>


Not evil; just lucky. Everyone that buys today with an ARM is going to end in foreclosure. An ARM is a tool that allows you to risk your house and credit in order to save a few bucks. It favors the lucky. There is no way to hedge against interest rate risk without fixed-rate financing. We have had 27 years to steadily declining interest rates that have made ARMs look safe. What happens when interest rates go back up?
 
[quote author="IrvineRenter" date=1247543848]

Not evil; just lucky. Everyone that buys today with an ARM is going to end in foreclosure. An ARM is a tool that allows you to risk your house and credit in order to save a few bucks. It favors the lucky. There is no way to hedge against interest rate risk without fixed-rate financing. We have had 27 years to steadily declining interest rates that have made ARMs look safe. What happens when interest rates go back up?</blockquote>


I'd say thats a bit of an exaggeration. Saying its lucky is probably equivalent to saying anyone who makes money in the stock market is lucky. There are times to buy, and times to not buy. You can't always tell where you are, but you can look at historical trends to make an educated decision. If you are getting an ARM when rates are significantly below historic norms, then you are not making a good decision, but likewise if you are locking into a 30 year fixed rate loan when rates are significantly above historic norms, you probably also are not making a good decision. (Ya, you can either get an ARM or get a fixed and then plan on refi'ing) Banks need people to take ARM's to make their business model successful. I assume when everyone is taking ARMs, the spread between an ARM and a fixed rate drops (which, ironically, should have scared people away from them), but if fewer people took ARMs, banks would need better teaser rates in order to attract more people (and thus shift the interest rate risk off their books).



Yes, with an ARM you've got an unprotected risk. But likewise, very few normal investors in the stock market protect their portfolio with options, because the cost to do so isn't worth it to them... they'd rather accept the risk.



I think the difference is, people who invest in the stock market understand a bit more that there is a risk... its viewed as more aggressive than buying a home. People don't understand buying a home is an investment as well. I can't count how many people told me after the .com bust a few years back how "unlike the stock market, real estate is a tangible asset and won't go to zero"... of course, they missed a simple calculation which is that when you put 20% down on your home, you've got a severly leveraged investment... much most than doing margin trading in the stock market... and you don't need a 90% drop in real estate to wipe you out, you only need a 20% drop... plus with a normal loan (unlike in the stock market), you don't get a margin call... you are allowed to go negative.



Delroy
 
Back
Top